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Pointe à la Hache is a census-designated place (CDP) and unincorporated community in Plaquemines Parish, Louisiana, United States.〔 "Census 2000 Data for the State of Louisiana" (town list), US Census Bureau, May 2003, webpage: (C2000-LA ). 〕 Located on the east bank of the Mississippi River, the village has been the seat for Plaquemines Parish since the formation of the parish. As of the 2010 census, its population was 187,〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=United States Census Bureau )〕 less than half its 1930 population. It suffered severe damage in hurricanes in 2005 and 2011. The Pointe à la Hache Ferry, which connects to West Pointe à la Hache, Louisiana across the Mississippi, is the furthest downriver vehicle crossing point on the river. Pointe à la Hache was the home of E. W. Gravolet, a cannery businessman. He was elected to both houses of the Louisiana State Legislature from Plaquemines Parish, serving in total from 1948 until his death in 1968. ==History== Native American settlement in the area goes back thousands of years. The earliest European settlement in the area was by the French about 1700. The name ''"Pointe à la Hache"'' is French for "axe point, or cape". In the Mitchell Map of 1755, this is marked as "Hatchet Point" Ruins remain of the early 18th-century French installation, Fort de La Boulaye, that was built by French colonists to defend their claim of territory against the Spanish and English interests. The land there is mostly marshland, with a strip of higher land less than a mile wide between the wetlands and the Mississippi River. Plaquemines Parish was one of the original 19 divisions of the Territory of Orleans established in 1807 after the United States acquired the territory in the Louisiana Purchase. After Louisiana achieved U.S. statehood in 1812, it was one of the original state parishes. In the 1812 Louisiana hurricane, a storm surge from the Gulf pushed all the way into the River, and there was widespread death and destruction. The area has always been subject to seasonal hurricane damage, with some years worse than others. The 1915 New Orleans Hurricane devastated the area, breaching levees and flooding the region. Thirty-one persons died in Pointe à la Hache.〔()〕 The Parish Courthouse was destroyed, but some of its material was salvaged for reuse in the new Courthouse completed the same year. Pointe à la Hache once had several beautiful old homes and historic businesses, most of which have been lost to hurricane and flooding damage. The 1930 census recorded a population of 404 in the community. In 1965 Hurricane Betsy damaged the area, flooding the courthouse.〔Glen Jeansonne, ''Leander Perez: Boss of the Delta,'' p. 354〕 More than 50 refugees rode out the storm in the courthouse. All survived. During January 12, 2002 the parish courthouse was severely damaged by arson. Since then, the parish government has used several temporary buildings in Belle Chasse. The Plaquemines Parish Council has proposed to move the parish seat three times, but voters rejected the alternatives. Pointe à la Hache was severely damaged by Hurricane Katrina in August 2005. On Mardi Gras Day 2011, the Mississippi River broke through its east bank about five miles below Pointe à la Hache. This breach has resulted in sediment-rich flow of the river into the wetlands, what coastal advocates have called a “cost-free” sediment diversion. Such sediment restoration in the wetlands is "a key strategy of the state’s $50-billion Master Plan to reverse coastal land losses."〔(Bob Marshall, "Natural river diversion at Mardi Gras Pass gains support from political and commercial interests" ), ''The Lens'' NOLA, 27 March 2013〕 By 2014 this breach had been named Mardi Gras Pass by the US Coast Guard. In July 2014 LADOT requested that the US Board on Geographic Names formally name the pass. It is the first distributary to have developed in the river's delta in decades and is considered important for natural rebuilding of the wetlands. Sundown Energy wanted to close the crevasse because it hampered the company's access to oil and gas wells, but alternatives are being negotiated.〔(Bob Marshall, "Two-year-old breach in Mississippi River could be formally named Mardi Gras Pass" ), ''The Lens'' (NOLA), 11 July 2014, accessed 19 January 2015〕 After the 2010 Gulf of Mexico Deepwater Horizon oil spill disaster, dead fish were found floating in the waterways even north of Pointe à la Hache.〔("Grim inventory of wildlife claimed by Gulf spill" ), MSNBC, 15 July 2010.〕 As of early 2012, only a small number of people have returned to live full-time in the county seat. West Pointe à la Hache flooded again during Tropical Storm Isaac on August 28–29, 2012. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pointe à la Hache, Louisiana」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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